Resumo A indústria alimentícia tem apresentado uma grande diversificação de produtos com diferentes sabores, consistências e públicos-alvo. Sobretudo o ramo das sobremesas lácteas apresenta uma vasta gama de produtos com base láctea ou de seus derivados. As sobremesas lácteas sabor chocolate são um dos tipos de sobremesas comerciais mais comuns no Brasil. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar atributos sensoriais e instrumentais de sobremesas lácteas achocolatadas disponíveis no mercado local. Cinco marcas de sobremesas lácteas comerciais disponíveis nos mercados de varejo foram avaliadas quanto à cor instrumental, viscosidade aparente e atributos sensoriais para determinar como isso afeta a percepção dos consumidores, usando a Análise de Penalidades e a Análise Hierárquica de Agrupamento. Observou-se falta de uniformidade entre as amostras analisadas, fato que se confirma do ponto de vista sensorial já que entre as opiniões dos consumidores, para a maioria dos atributos, as amostras foram consideradas acima ou abaixo do ideal e que os parâmetros de impressão global, cor e sabor foram os atributos mais significativos que podem influenciar positivamente na decisão de compra. Podemos concluir que os atributos das análises sensorial e instrumental podem ser uma ferramenta importante para a indústria de alimentos para determinar os pontos fracos dos produtos e os desejos dos consumidores-alvo. sabores públicosalvo. públicosalvo públicos alvo. alvo públicos-alvo derivados Brasil contexto local consumidores Agrupamento Observouse Observou analisadas global compra consumidoresalvo. consumidoresalvo consumidores-alvo

Abstract The food industry has presented a great diversification of products with different flavors, textures, and target consumers. In particular, the dairy dessert branch presents a wide range of milkand dairy-based products. Chocolate-flavored dairy desserts are one of the most common types of commercial desserts in Brazil. In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate the sensory and instrumental attributes of chocolate dairy desserts available in the local market. Five brands of commercial dairy desserts available in retail markets were evaluated for their instrumental color, apparent viscosity and sensory attributes to determine how they affect consumers’ perceptions using penalty analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. A lack of uniformity between the analyzed samples was observed, a fact confirmed by the sensory perspective since for most of the attributes, consumers considered the samples to be above or below the ideal, and overall liking, color and flavor were the most significant attributes that could positively influence the buying decision. The attributes of sensory and instrumental analysis could be an important tool for the food industry to determine the points of weakness of products and the desires of target consumers. flavors textures particular dairybased based Chocolateflavored Chocolate flavored Brazil context market observed ideal liking decision

Abstract The dairy market is hugely competitive, with dairy industries always looking for new products to reach the consumer. Projective techniques, such as the Completion task, are great allies in this process, as they identify consumer needs and expectations, which helps in developing brand new, more competitive products. Petit-Suisse cheese is a product which is well established in the Brazilian dairy market; however, its consumption is restricted to children and has few sales variations. The objective of the present work was to investigate the consumers’ perception about Petit-Suisse and to identify possibilities of market expansion for this product category, through the technique of Completion task. According to the participants, Petit-Suisse is a widely accepted product, and its recognition was strongly related to the brand. Besides, although considered a product intended primarily for children, as a snack option, there is a substantial market possibility for the consumption of this product by other groups. Completion task made it possible to identify that there are different aspects of Petit-Suisse cheese, like flavor, composition and functional appeal that can still be explored by the dairy industry in making more competitive products on the market.

Abstract The research aimed to evaluate the behavior of different concentrations of lutein added in sheep milk yogurt. The work verified the effect on acidity, pH, color, lutein degradation, and recovery during storage. Different added lutein concentration into yogurt were compared: 0.00 mg; 3.0 mg; 3.45 mg; and 3.9 mg (·100 mL-1). Analyzes were performed on days 1st, 15th, 30th, and 45th of refrigerated storage (5 °C). Lutein did not influence fermentation patters, but post acidification was observed, mainly in groups with the highest lutein concentrations. The amount of lutein recovered was different between groups (P < 0.05) due to treatment. Some differences (P < 0.05) in the same treatment occurred over time, tending to decrease lutein recovery. For all treatments, up to the end of storage, the final amount of lutein characterized the product as a nutritional source of this element. However, lutein recovery in G4 has reached the minimum daily intake recommended by researchers for health benefits. Recovery ranged from 81.9 ± 0.76·100-1 (w·w-1) to 76.31 ± 1.07·100-1 (w·w-1) on the storage period. L* has no difference (P > 0.05) between groups with different added lutein concentrations. In contrast, a*, b*, c*, and YI (yellowness index) were different (P < 0.05).

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a hidrólise da lactose em relação a duas diferentes temperaturas iniciais de ação enzimática e fermentação, a fim de melhorar o período de fermentação, verificando a formação de componentes e o nível de hidrolise por CLAE (HPLC). Os resultados das análises de pH e acidez titulável entre os tratamentos com maior temperatura inicial (HIT), 42 ºC, e menor temperatura inicial (LIT), 30 ºC, foram diferentes (P<0,05) durante a fermentação. HIT obteve menores valores de pH e maiores valores de acidez titulável como 4,6±0,04 e 0,73±0,01 g acido láctico.100 mL-1, respectivamente, contra 4,82±0,01 e 0,64±0,01 g acido láctico.100 mL-1 de LIT. O teor de lactose difereriu (P <0,05) entre os tratamentos durante a fermentação; entretanto, no final do processo alcançaram 4,40±0,14 mg.mL-1 e 4,32±0,14 mg.mL-1 para LIT e HIT (P>0,05), respectivamente. Teores de glicose e galactose mantiveram-se dinâmicos. A concentração de ácido láctico em LIT (P<0,05) foi maior (18,64±0,62 mg.mL-1) que em HIT (17,56±0,53 mg.mL-1), embora o teor dos ácidos cítrico e acético tenha diminuído durante o processo. Assim, pode-se concluir que a enzima lactase contribuiu para reduzir o teor de lactose, sem influenciar o processo de fermentação. Além disso, ambos os tratamentos obtiveram valores mais baixos de lactose, o que é suficiente para o consumo por pessoas com intolerância a lactose.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate lactose hydrolysis between two different initial temperatures of enzymatic and fermentation action to improve the fermentation period by checking the components formed and hydrolysis levels of lactose by HPLC. pH and titratable acidity analysis between treatments - higher initial temperature (HIT), 42 ºC, and lower initial temperature (LIT), 30 ºC - were different (P<0.05) during the fermentation process. HIT obtained lower pH and higher titratable acidity values as 4.6±0.04 and 0.73±0.01 g lactic acid.100 mL-1, respectively, against 4.82±0.01 and 0.64±0.01 g lactic acid.100 mL-1 from LIT. Lactose content was different (P<0.05) between treatments while fermenting; however, at the end of the fermentation, it reached 4.565±0.34 mg.mL-1 and 4.398±0.18 mg.mL-1 for LIT and HIT (P>0,05), respectively. Glucose and galactose remained buoyant during the fermentation period, which indicates its production and consumption at the same time by the lactic acid bacteria involved. The lactic acid concentration in LIT was higher (P<0.05) (18.64±0.62 mg.mL-1) than in HIT (17.56±0.53 mg.mL-1) although citric and acetic acids content decreased throughout the process. In conclusion, the lactase enzyme contributed to reduce the lactose content without affecting the fermentation process. In addition, both treatments obtained lower values of lactose, which is sufficient for the consumption by those who have lactose malabsorption.

Resumo Objetivou-se no presente estudo avaliar o comportamento da E. coli O157:H7 durante o processo de hidrólise da lactose e fermentação de iogurte tradicional e com teor reduzido de lactose. Além disso, objetivou-se verificar a viabilidade da E. coli O157:H7 e a viabilidade das bactérias ácido láticas após 12 h de estocagem a 4 ºC ±1 ºC. Dois diferentes tipos de iogurte com amostras controle e amostras inoculadas foram preparados, sendo dois com leite integral e dois com leite integral pré-hidrolisado; em ambos os grupos um foi inoculado com E. coli O157:H7 e um não foi inoculado. A sobrevivência da E. coli e o pH dos iogurtes foram determinados durante a fermentação e após 12h de refrigeração. A partir dos resultados observou-se que a E. coli O157:H7 foi capaz de se multiplicar ou manter-se viável durante a fermentação (4,34 UFC.mL-1 para 6,13 UFC.mL-1 no iogurte tradicional e 4,34 UFC.mL-1 para 6,16 log UFC.mL-1em iogurte com lactose reduzida). Nas amostras inoculadas com E. coli O157:H7 houve formação de gás e sinérese. Dessa forma, concluiu-se que a E. coli O157:H7 foi capaz de sobreviver e de se multiplicar durante a fermentação afetando a tecnologia de fabricação. Além disso, a contaminação do leite antes da adição das BAL reduziu o crescimento de L. bulgaricus e S. thermophilus, especialmente quando associado à redução da lactose.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the behavior of E. coli O157:H7 during lactose hydrolysis and fermentation of traditional and low lactose yogurt. It also aimed to verify E. coli O157:H7 survival after 12 h of storage at 4 ºC ±1 ºC. Two different types of yogurts were prepared, two with whole milk and two with pre-hydrolyzed whole milk; in both groups one yogurt was inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 and the other one was not inoculated. The survival of E. coli and pH of yogurt were determined during fermentation and after 12-h refrigeration. The results showed that E. coli O157:H7 was able to grow during the fermentation period (from 4.34 log CFU.mL-1 to 6.13 log CFU.mL-1 in traditional yogurt and 4.34 log CFU.mL-1 to 6.16 log CFU.mL-1 in low lactose yogurt). The samples with E. coli O157:H7 showed gas formation and syneresis. Thus, E. coli O157:H7 was able to survive and grow during fermentation of traditional and low lactose yogurts affecting the manufacture technology. Moreover, milk contamination by E. coli before LAB addition reduces the growth of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus especially when associated with reduction of lactose content.

Trinta amostras de queijo tipo Requeijão Marajoara e trinta de Minas Frescal, elaborados com leite bubalino foram analisadas, visando a caracterizar os teores dos principais componentes e características físico-químicas. Os queijos foram obtidos de estabelecimentos industriais localizados nos municípios de Salvaterra, Ilha de Marajó e Moju, nordeste do Estado do Pará. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio de Análise Descritiva, utilizando o pacote estatístico SAS®. Para o Requeijão Marajoara, os resultados médios foram: pH de 5,15 (±0,13); acidez 0,62% (±0,08); umidade 43% (±1,64); gordura 31,57% (±3,13); gordura no extrato seco (GES) 55,84% (±4,38); proteína 34,59% (±1,68); e cinzas 2,45% (±0,47). Para o Minas Frescal, o pH foi de 6,26 (±0,69), acidez 0,15% (±0,14), umidade 60,99% (±2,58), gordura 25,09% (±1,68), GES 62,95% (±4,38), proteína 11,06% (±1,65) e as cinzas 2,09% (±0,32). A variação entre os macronutrientes e as características físico-químicas nas amostras estudadas revelou falta de padronização na tecnologia empregada no processamento, o que pode estar relacionada à inexistência de legislações específicas para a elaboração desses derivados com leite bubalino. Conclui-se que é fundamental o estabelecimento de critérios de processamento e requisitos legais, objetivando a obtenção de produtos padronizados, com consequente agregação de valor.

Thirty samples of Requeijão Marajoara cheese and thirty samples of Minas Frescal cheese, made both with buffalo milk, were analyzed to determine main components levels and physicochemical characteristics. The cheeses were obtained from industrial establishments located in the municipalities of Salvaterra, Marajó Island, and Moju, northeastern of Pará State. The data were statistically analyzed by Descritive Analyses, using the SAS® system. For the Requeijão Marajoara, the average results obtained were: pH 5.15 (± 0.13); acidity 0.62% (±0,08); moisture 43% (±1.64); fat 31.57% (±3.13); fat on dry extract (FDE) 55.84% (±4.38); protein 34.59 % (±1.68); and ash 2.45% (±0.47). For the Minas Frescal pH 6.26 (±0.69); acidity 0.15% (±0.14); moisture 60.99% (±2.58); fat 25.09% (±1.68); fat on dry extract (FDE) 62.95% (±4.38); protein 11.06% (±1.65);and ash 2.09% (±0.32). The variation between macronutrients and physicochemical characteristics revealed standardization lack in the technology used in the processing, what can be related to the inexistence of specific legislations for the elaboration of these flowed from buffalo milk. It's crucial the establishment of criteria for processing and legal requirements, aiming to obtain standardized products, with consequent aggregation of values.

The aim of this work was to study the effect of gamma radiation on lipids by TBARS and NMR. The samples of raw whole milk were subjected to gamma radiation from Co60 in doses of 1, 2 and 3 kGy and the production of rancidity was studied through Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Thiobarbituric Acid Test (2-TBARS). The TBARS values increased according to the intensity of the radiation dose applied at the samples, demonstrating correlation between the radiation dose and the production of lipid oxidation. This was confirmed by NMR with the formation of peaks of aldehydes and ketones that were small and similar in the doses of 1 and 2 kGy. In the dose of 3 kGy, the total degradation of milk fat was observed. A correlation between the NMR and 2-TBA was detected.